A survey of security issues in wireless sensor networks. The ohio state university 2004 dissertation committee. Manets have high degree of mobility, while sensor networks are mostly stationary. This deployment faces new challenges due to the specific characteristics of sensor small size, limited battery. In fact, these networks, composed by a large number of small and cheap sensors, are deployed in several domains military, industry, agriculture, space, environment, etc. Introduction sensor networking and the methods for eciently innetwork processing the sensor readings have emerged as important permission. This paper reports a complete study on both 2 aspects and presents a fault tolerance approach using regressional learning with fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks. The problem of missing sensor node, communication link and data are inevitable in wireless. Investigation of faults, errors and failures in wireless. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks can be found in 2. Our classification takes in consideration the failed component targeted by the mechanism as well as the technique used in the recovery process.
The energy of nodes, communication computing and storage capability in wireless sensor networks are limited. Fault tolerance and energy efficiency are main challenges. The number of sensor nodes in a sensor network can be several orders of magnitude higher than the nodes in an ad hoc network. Distance based fault detection in wireless sensor networks. In this paper we address fault tolerance concept in general, give analysis to the definition of fault tolerance and terms related to it based on the system requirements.
On fault tolerance, performance, and reliability for. In the sensor network with a hierarchical topology, the set of sensors is divided into subsets, and each one of them has some defined tasks to. The differences between sensor networks and ad hoc networks are 4. Introduction recent research exploring advancements in wireless sensor network wsn yields many challenges and intends researchers to. Scalable design of faulttolerance for wireless sensor networks dissertation presented in partial ful llment of the requirements for the degree doctor of philosophy in the graduate school of the ohio state university by murat demirbas, m. Abstractthe reliability of wireless sensor networks. In many applications, the environment being monitored.
They are like any other system prone to failure due to limitation of resources. Recent advancement in wireless communica tions and electronics has enabled the develop ment of lowcost sensor networks. For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are. Faulttolerant algorithms for connectivity restoration in. Fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications. A survey on wireless multimedia sensor networks ian f.
Network clustering, faulttolerance, energyaware communication, sensor networks. Indeed, we classify the fault tolerance mechanisms into two classes. Thepositionofsensornodesneednotbeengineered or predetermined. Fault tolerance and energy efficient clustering algorithm in. Wireless sensor networks are resourceconstrained selforganizing systems that are often deployed in inaccessible and inhospitable environments in order to collect data about some outside world phenomenon. Watson research center abstract one of the main goals of sensor networks is to provide accurate information about. A survey on classification of fault tolerance techniques available in wireless sensor network. Over the last decade, wireless sensor networks wsn went from being a promising technology to the main enabler of countless internet of things applications in all types of areas. In views of hardware cost, sensor nodes always adopt relatively cheap chips, which makes these nodes become. In this section, we first present a brief survey on clustering approaches. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. Fault tolerance using cluster in wireless sensor network.
In this paper, we study the coverage problem where the main objective is to construct two disjoint cover sets in randomly deployed wsns based. Wireless sensor network protocols sensor network services sensor network deployment survey abstract a wireless sensor network wsn has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. Abstract wireless sensor networks wsn are useful for monitoring of physical conditions and passing the data gathered to the required location. In this paper, we study distributed approximation algorithms for faulttolerant clustering in wireless ad hoc and sensor networks.
A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor. Wireless sensor networks are commonly spread wide in harsh environment and are subject to faults in several layers of the system. Wsns experience failure problems due to various factors such as power depletion, environmental impact, radio interference, asymmetric communication links, dislocation of sensor node and. Builtin sensor nodes are fixed with onboard processor and transceiver that connects every separate node in the region as in 1. Exploiting selforganization and fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. A survey of fault management in wireless sensor networks. The wireless sensor network wsn is a promoted technology applied in the communication system of smart grid, which enjoys low cost, low power dissipation, selforganization, and strong flexibility.
A survey on fault tolerant multipath routing protocols in. A survey on fault tolerant multipath routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. For most sensor network applications, pointtopoint reliability is not the main objective. On gps faulttolerance for citybus tracking system using. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks r. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas e. Manet wireless sensor networks may be considered a subset of mobile adhoc networks manet. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. Wireless sensor network wsn is strongly affirmed as an indispensable technology that exploits sensor nodes sns key abilities sensing, processing and communication to achieve limitless remote sensing applications in many fields such as data. Abstract wireless sensor networks wsns consists of large number of energy constrained sensor nodes that are randomly deployed. Add to favorites download citations track citations recommend to library. In industry, wsns are now used for monitoring and controlling industrial processes, with the benefits of low installation costs, selforganization, selfconfiguration. Introduction recent advancements in integrated circuits have fostered the emergence of a new generation of tiny, inexpensive lowpower sensors. Fun hu a a mobile and satellite communication research centre, school of engineering, design and technology, university of bradford, united kingdom b wireless networks laboratory, istituto di scienza.
In our survey, we introduce a new classification according to the network size. Due to their economic and computational feasibility, a network of hundreds and thousands of sensors. Target tracking, fault tolerance, gaussian mixture model, expectationmaximization, wireless sensor networks 1. A survey on communication link fault tolerance for wireless sensor networks john divakaran postgraduate student, department of computer science and engineering, ka runya university, india abstract. A survey on fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks zeyu zhang, student member, ieee, amjad mehmood, lei shu, senior member, ieee, zhiqiang huo, student member, ieee, yu zhang and mithun mukherjee, member, ieee abstractwireless sensor networks wsns often consist of hundreds of sensor nodes that may be deployed in relatively. When there is a link loss or node failure, the nodes can still communicate with each other by using other intermediate nodes. A survey on fault detection and fault tolerance in. Deploying sensor networks with guaranteed fault tolerance. The problem of missing sensor node, communication link and data are inevitable in wireless sensor networks. On fault tolerance, performance, and reliability for wireless and sensor networks submitted by chen xinyu for the degree of doctor of philosophy at the chinese university of hong kong abstract the emerging mobile wireless environment poses exciting challenges for distributed faulttolerant ft computing. A fault fuzzyontology for large scale faulttolerant. Survey on fault tolerance for link failure in wireless. A survey on fault tolerant routing techniques in wireless sensor networks. By using both techniques, wireless sensor networks wsns can be deployed in.
Cayirci ieee communications, aug 2002 the authors present a communication architecture for sensor networks and proceed to survey the current research pertaining to all layers of the protocol stack. Survey on application of wireless sensor network in smart. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor networks conference paper pdf available october 2015 with 1,703 reads how we measure reads. Abstract in the last decade, wireless sensor networks wsns have increasingly gained the. A survey on fault tolerance techniques in wireless sensor. Abstract fault tolerance is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor network wsn applications.
Using a wireless sensor network, many more data can be collected compared to just one sensor. In this survey, we give an overview of wsn mechanisms that provide or improve the fault tolerance property of wireless sensor networks and prevention of fault occurrence such as energy aware. Energy efficient fault tolerant coverage in wireless. A kfold dominating set of a graph g v,e is a subset s of v such that every node v. Physical, data link, network, transport and application layers. A survey of fault tolerance methods in wireless sensor networks t. Modeling and analysis of fault detection and fault tolerance in. Energy efficiency and fault tolerance are two of the major concerns in wireless sensor networks wsns for the target coverage. Design of target coverage algorithms for a large scale wsns should incorporate both the energy efficiency and fault tolerance. Results obtained from our ft modeling reveal that an ft wsn. Moreover, we present a comprehensive study of the four steps in a. Fault tolerance has been discussed in detail in the literature on distributed systems see, e. A survey on fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks. A survey on sensor networks university of california.
This allows random deployment in inaccessible terrains or disaster relief operations. Wireless sensor networks can be an integral part of military command, control, communications, computing, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance and targeting c4isrt systems. A wireless sensor network has been designed to perform the highlevel of information processing tasks like detection, classification and tracking. Recently, industrial wireless sensor networks have attracted more attention, due to their large benefits in terms of faster installation, cost savings, and flexibility. Wireless sensor networks wsns are known for their wide use in industry, military, and environmental monitoring applications. Even deploying a sensor with great line of sight, it could have obstructions. Nevertheless, the acceptance of wireless sensor networks by the industrial community is not without its difficulties. A selfmanaging fault management mechanism for wireless sensor. Wsn is affected by faults that may occur due to various reasons such as malfunctioning hardware. International journal of engineering research and technology, vol. At least three major groups of reasons support research in faulttolerant sensor networks receiving. The advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of lowcost sensor networks. Sensor nodes have the ability to sense and send data towards the base station bs. Chowdhury broadband and wireless networking laboratory, school of electrical and computer engineering, georgia institute of technology.
For different application areas, there are different technical issues that researchers are currently. Wireless sensor networks wsn are useful for monitoring of physical conditions and passing the data gathered to the required location. Wireless sensor networks wsns often consist of hundreds of sensor nodes that may be deployed in relatively harsh and complex environments. Grenoble alpes, lcis, f26000 valence, france abstract fault tolerance is a key research area for many of applications such as those based on sensor network technologies. Fivenumber summary method for fault tolerance in wireless.
Citeseerx document details isaac councill, lee giles, pradeep teregowda. Fault tolerance and energy consumption scheme of a wireless. Application, middleware, wireless sensor network survey and protocol 1. A survey on fault tolerance in wireless sensor networks. Second, a faulttolerance method using wireless sensor networks wsns, in case of gps signal failure, e. Wsn nodes have less power, computation and communication compared to manet nodes. Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures 1, 2.
Thus, distributed sensing provides robustness to environmental obstacles. Networks and all the sensor nodes have contact with the base station. Faulttolerant clustering in ad hoc and sensor networks. Electionbased method for fault tolerance in a hierarchical sensor network eftohsn. In this method, wireless sensor boards are deployed in selected locations along buses routes in city, and each. Wireless sensor networks introduction to wireless sensor networks february 2012 a wireless sensor network is a selfconfiguring network of small sensor nodes communicating among themselves using radio signals, and deployed in quantity to sense, monitor and understand the physical world. The kconnectivity property has been studied extensively before in the context of wireless networks.
In these recent years, wireless sensor networks wsns have attracted more and more attention. In military, for example, the rapid deployment, selforganization, and fault tolerance characteristics of sensor networks make them a very promising sensing technique for military command, control, communications, computing, intel. Some of the application areas are health, military, and home. Exploiting selforganization and fault tolerance in wireless sensor. The reliability r kt or fault tolerance of a sensor node is modeled in 2 using the poisson distribution to capture the. This paper describes how the path fragments are rectifying during t he transmission time and how the. An added feature of sensor networks is the supportive effort in sensor network region. Electionbased method for fault tolerance in a hierarchical sensor.
One of the most important one is replication, which is wellsuited for sensor networks due to their inherent node redundancy. Achieving fault tolerance and network depth in hierarchical wireless sensor networks anurag d and somprakash bandyopadhyay wireless connectivity logical path sensor node relay node sink proceedings of the world congress on engineering and computer science 2008 wcecs 2008, october 22 24, 2008, san francisco, usa isbn. A survey on fault tolerance in small and large scale. A survey gaojun fan and shiyao jin national lab of parallel and distributed processing, natio nal university of defense technology, changsha, china email. Faulttolerant clustering of wireless sensor networks.
A fault fuzzyontology for large scale faulttolerant wireless sensor networks yazid benazzouz, oumelkeir aktouf. Wireless sensor networks, faults, errors, failures, fault tolerances, protocolstack, sensor nodes component, fault management lifecycle. A survey on communication link fault tolerance for. Handbook of sensor networks wireless sensor networks will further increase the importance of fault tolerance while at the same time imposing a number of unique new conceptual and technical challenges to fault tolerance researchers. A survey of sensor selection schemes in wireless sensor.